Digital Fundamentals: A System Approach (1st Edition)

Chapter 10

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The aim of the memory hierarchy is to get the ... more

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The time taken for the processor to retrieve (read... more

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According to memory hierarchy, the higher the ... more

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Yes ; The higher level memories generally have ... more

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If a process is used to read and write the data ... more

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The hit rate ; The percentage of memory accesses ... more

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The smallest unit of the data in memory is the bit... more

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The bit capacity of the memory is 2048 bits ; It ... more

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The write operation puts the data into a specified... more

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In the read operation data is copied on the data ... more

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A unit of data in a memory is located by it's ... more

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RAM is a type of memory in which all addresses can... more

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The SRAM is of two types, the asynchronous SRAM ... more

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The catch is the small fast memory that stores the... more

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The difference between the SRAMs and DRAMs is the ... more

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The refresh operation in a DRAM is required to ... more

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 Fast Page Mode (FPM)The Extended Data Out (EDO)... more

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The gray code output is . ; The decimal value ... more

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The bit storage capacity is . ; The organization ... more

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There are four types of read-only memory. These ... more

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 8-bits of address is required for 256 byte ... more

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The PROMs are field-programmable according to the ... more

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In the EPROM, data bit is represented by the ... more

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The normal operation for a PROM is custom ... more

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The flash memory, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM are ... more

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Flash memory is nonvolatile, so data are not lost ... more

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Programming, read, erase  ; The programming ... more

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Connect eight 1ROMs in parallel to form a 8ROM... more

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Connect sixteen ROMs in parallel to form a ROM... more

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; Here the required SRAM is by using the SRAM... more

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RAM 1: 0 to 524,287;RAM 2: 524,288 to 1,048575 ; ... more

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Connect eight RAMs in parallel to form a RAM. ; ... more

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Eight RAMs required.   ; Here required RAM is by... more

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DIMM stands for dual in-line memory module.  ; ... more

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In a FIFO memory the first bit (or word) into the ... more

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In a LIFO memory the last bit (or word) into the ... more

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The PUSH operation or instruction stores data to ... more

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The POP operation or instruction removes data from... more

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CCD stands for Charge Coupled Device.   ; The CCD ... more

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Magnetic storage are hard disk, tape and magneto-... more

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A magnetic disc is organized in tracks and sectors... more

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A magneto-optical disk uses a laser beam and an ... more

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Optical storage are compact disk read-only memory... more

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In the checksum method the contents of ROM are ... more

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Contents of RAM can be accessed randomly for Read/... more

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The three basic faults are:A short between the ... more

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The smallest unit of binary data is bit. In most ... more

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Each storage element in a memory is called a cell... more

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The purpose of the write operation is to store the... more

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The purpose of the read operation is to read the ... more

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RAM is a type of semiconductor memory in which all... more

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Static RAMs are characterized by latch memory ... more

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Cache memory is a relatively small and high speed ... more

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Dynamic RAM cells store a data bit in a small ... more

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ROM is a semiconductor memory which stores the ... more

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In flash memories, a storage cell consists of a ... more

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The number of bits in each address is not ... more

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2 bytes is equivalent to 16 bits but it is not ... more

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Reads operation is being used to read data from ... more

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The data stored in RAM will be lost if a power cut... more

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In ROM, data is stored permanently, therefore it ... more

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The address line is not equal to the number of ... more

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Since, a byte is not equivalent to 1 bit, ... more

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SRAMs have latch memory cells that means flip ... more

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Once the DRAM is installed in the device, it is ... more

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The flash memory keeps the data even if the power ... more

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Optical devices use optical sources not ... more

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Addresses can be selected in any order and so they... more

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Address bus carries the code in the address ... more

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 Bit 0Bit 1Bit 2Bit 3Row 01000Row 10000Row ... more

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;  In the diagram are input lines and are the ... more

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256 rows and 256 columns ; Use the relation to ... more

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Memory array configuration: ; Memory block diagram... more

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SRAM uses transistors and latches for storing bits... more

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; Use the relation to find capacity C for number ... more

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; Two input lines and in the ROM chip. There ... more

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; Three input lines , and are present in the ... more

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; Four input lines , , and are present in the ... more

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; Use the relation to find capacity C for number ... more

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; Three input lines , and are present in the ... more

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; 13 input addresses from to are present in the... more

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; The given DRAM consists of 14 address lines ... more

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; The given DRAM consists of 16 address lines ... more

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; Use the relation to find word length L and word... more

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; All the shift registers in the FIFO(First In ... more

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; Use the relation to find lower address and ... more

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The address of the first byte is and the address ... more

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A hard disk is formatted into tracks and sectors. ... more

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A seek operation is the movement of read/write ... more

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A magnetic tape accesses the data serially. Hence ... more

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The differences are given as follows:      1.    ... more

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The contents are incorrect. ; Perform the checksum... more

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